I’m not sure what happened to the old Redmond widget theme, which was essentially a transplant of the Windows 9X widget style, but if you’re not picky, the .Net theme in the tdeartwork package will probably be Good Enough (or you could go for the different-but-equally-retro CDE/Motif experience). TDE itself, as KDE3, was originally expected to run on an average PC made 20+ years ago—I ran it for years on a single-core Athlon64 with 1GB RAM (and those were pretty good specs for a machine of that era). I don’t know what else Q4OS might be carrying along with it, though.

If you want to go even lighter, look for something offering Fluxbox or Openbox as the GUI—they have enough stuff in them to be useful launchers out of the box, but don’t have the overhead of the true DEs (configuring them may require you to mess around in text files, but you only have to do it once).

Anyway, your main issue is going to be getting any modern browser to work on a machine that constrained. (If your interest is only in looking at Wikipedia, Konqueror, which ships with TDE, can be made to mostly work if you force the use of Wikipedia’s “vector” skin, but the current default skin breaks search and looks like ass. Konqueror’s browser code is way out of date and not recommended for general Internet use.)

Sort of? In my experience, the people working on WINE have always been more interested in game compatibility. Sometimes other software will work, but it’s a crapshoot.

Gentoo will work if you have the time to work through the install, and stick with provided binaries for large packages (or have a lot of patience with updates).

Gentoo will allow you to update the small set of required system packages and their dependencies separately from everything else (emerge --update system), but doing the reverse would require some pretty heavy micro-management.

There are a lot of command-line tools for text, like grep and sed, that don’t work on binary files. Whether this matters to you depends on your workflow. (I use grep a lot.)

exFAT is a Microsoft creation that (unsurprisingly) doesn’t understand or preserve Linux-style file permissions. Neither did any of the FAT varieties before it. So the permissions on the files when you get them back relate to the mount options you pass to the exFAT drive (in this case, you probably want to set dmask and fmask), or the permissions on the directory it’s mounted to.

If you don’t want to twiddle with mount options, you could reformat the external disks using Linux-native filesystems like ext4, but you’ll lose the ability to mount them on Windows if you do that.

Windows just worked.

Excuse me while I laugh hysterically while remembering the sorts of Windows issues I’ve troubleshot for family or coworkers. The one where the combination of a particular Windows version + a particular MS Office version + document previews being activated would cause Office to crash randomly on operations that had nothing to do with document previews was particularly memorable and difficult to figure out. The various Linux snafus I’ve had to deal with were pretty easy to handle by comparison.

Eh, it’s Ubuntu. They have a long history of trying to reinvent the wheel, getting no traction, and then reverting to whatever the rest of the world uses instead. And Linux is full of incompatible parallel packages that provide the same functionality. It ended up not mattering very much with init systems—why should this be any different, even if it’s the one Ubuntu oval-shaped wheel that catches on for some reason?

Your problem is that you’re starting from the wrong premise: the primary goal of most people working on Linux is not to make more people switch to it, strange as that may sound, it’s to create an operating system that they personally want to use. Which can mean a lot of different things, depending on the person. So it’s inevitable that there are a lot of different distros, and the only reason there aren’t even more is that most of the one-man shows that don’t attract many users peter out and vanish after a few months or years.

Assuming you mean 2GB RAM, it will run a full Linux. I was using a 2008-vintage laptop with similar specs as a secondary machine until recently, and it was capable of handling many light workloads. Retro gaming up to the 16-bit era should be fine. 720p video playback from local storage (never tried streaming) was fine. Modern websites were very hard on it, though, so I didn’t normally use it in that capacity.

Just pick a distro that isn’t too bloated, and a desktop environment that’s suited to older machines and doesn’t expect too much of the hardware, and you’ll be fine.

(My laptop still works, by the way. I gave it up because 1. I got a good deal on a machine with much higher specs and 2. I run Gentoo, and compiling a modern version of GCC on a dual-core of that vintage takes longer than you would expect.)

Actually, it goes to a lot of trouble not to step on the toes of later versions of KDE, and there are people who have them both installed side-by-each without major problems.

-nolisten is an actual option passed to the X server—your distro may do so by default—to work around a known security issue in some versions. I admit I’d have to look up the details, as it’s been a couple of years since that issue was reported. Recent X versions almost certainly have a patch.

Gentoo works best for me because I’m a control freak. It lets me tune my system in any way I want, and I don’t mind leaving my computer on while I’m asleep so that it can compile its way through libreoffice, webkit, and a couple of browsers. Plus, based on complaints I hear from people using other distros, Portage beats other package managers in every way except speed.

This doesn’t mean that it’s best for everyone, mind you, just that it’s best for me.

There are no open security bugs against TDE that I’m aware of—if there were, I’d expect them to be fixed in the next release. In my experience, the development team, while not huge, is active and competent.

I’ve been using TDE since a little while after Gentoo sunsetted KDE3, and I’ve had no issues. Just make sure your X server is secure—-nolisten and all that stuff—and don’t try to use Konqueror as a web browser (it remains an excellent file manager), and you should be fine.

Wayland is “more secure” than X in that it makes less LAN contact by default and tries to sandbox programs from one another to an extent, just in case some future browser exploit that can copy random swathes of your screen tries to screenshot your password manager or something. There are no active exploits against a correctly-configured X server at this time that will magically vanish if you switch to Wayland, as far as I’m aware—it’s more future-proofing stuff.

Running a couple of Pis with Gentoo myself right now. It works as well as anything, although unless you’re very patient you’ll want to set up a binary package host (or distcc or something) to take the load off the Pi’s somewhat anemic processor.

One thing to keep in mind about older versions of the nvidia proprietary drivers is that they will only work with specific kernel versions (and specific X versions—not sure about Wayland). Once the driver series your card needs stops being updated, you can’t update your kernel without patching the driver. Assuming you have the skills to patch the driver, or someone who does makes their patches public.

I went through this song-and-dance with a very old laptop that had a card of the NV40 generation as its only GPU (no integrated graphics). Eventually I did install nouveau on it, and used it for several years without any issues.

Trinity Desktop Environment, forked from KDE3.

TDE has this natively under the advanced window settings, so I would expect KDE to have it too.

Or ditch udisks in favour of pmount (or udevil?), which shouldn’t be affected as far as I can tell. That will get you a few months’ grace before a similar problem pops up there.

Based on what I’ve seen, for a DE to gain much traction, you need at least one well-known medium-large distro putting it as a default on some of their install media—MATE is well-represented these days because Mint backed it at a crucial stage in its development. I don’t think Enlightenment ever had that.