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@sga013@lemmy.world

(Earlier also had @sga@lemmy.world for a year before I switched to @sga@lemmings.world, now trying piefed)

  • 5 Posts
  • 126 Comments
Joined 1 年前
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Cake day: 2025年3月14日

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  • From the reports that i have read (am indian), 20+ generics are expected, within roughly 2 months or so, with previous price being something along 10k INR (roughly 100USD) a month to about 3-4k INR (30-40 USD) a month. Drugs have always been kinda cheap here (as an example, a simple paracetamol (tylenol) tablet costs 1 INR (~1cent US)), so it is still expensive (for vast majority, it is more than 2-3 days of work), but much better. hope people use this cautiously though with reasonable expectations.









  • not my domain, so i looked the title online (the original article is in nature, and not open access, and currently not in uni, so can not access through uni wifi)

    here is a theoretical version establishing physics for this effect - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.23083v1

    I am also not reading the linked article, as it is too flowery for me.

    so here is a tl;dr - if you know seebeck effect, this should be somewhat easy. seebeck effect is a effect where if there is a temperature gradient in a material, electricity can be generated. i will not go on about why that happens, but as a statistical argument, just keep in mind that as things are heated, they jiggle (very specific physics term, definitely not me stupidifying oscillations). if it is a “bond” between two atoms (aptly named atomic bonds), we consider a quantisation (fancy way to put number to how strong the vibration is, there is more to it, but not for now) of these oscillations as phonons. another thing is that in materials, these bond are often arranged in some special manners. for most materials, these arrangements are periodic lattices, (think junglee gym bars or rubik cube or some other periodic arrangement). in these materials, phonons can often transfer in different modes, always trapped by the ends. in some materials, these bonds can form helices, where phonons instead of going in straight line, will travel across the helix. if you know what angular momentum is then great, if not, think something with some “speed” going in circles. in that case it will have some angular momentum along the axis of that circle. coming back to main topic, here we have some phonon going across helix, having some angular momentum. now essentially this motion of phonon can create spin current. this requires us to go into separate tangent, abou what spin is, which is well hard to explain. in most materials, there are 2 types of electrons, and we just name these 2 spins up and down (and it has practically nothing to do with up or down directions). as to why there are only 2, is a really big topic we are not going into. but roughly, it is because of nature of material. in non magnetic materials, they behave same, but in magnetic materials, they do not. in some other words, you can say magnetic materials are magnetic because these 2 spins behave differently in these materials. in normal current, we have electrons going from 1 direction to another (kinda, but that is tangent to tangent, not going there). in spin current, these 2 electrons flow in opposite directions. since both are electrons, there is no charge difference created, a spin potential is created. this tudy showed that in non magnetic materials (tungsten and titanium), you could generate spin currents by “injecting” a angular momentum from quartz crystal phonon. if yo have ever heard of angular momentum conservation, this is a consequence of that, as spin current is a kind of angular momentum.

    as to why this could be special, spintronics (the name for using electron spin instead of charge for generating currents and making devices) requires lower power than electronics. one of the problems was that you required special magnetic materials, this is a demonstration without magnetic materials.

    in my physics world, this is big (in a scale of 1 to 10, 10 being theory of everything done, 1 being boring desk work - this is 5-7 - very big in spintronics, and reasonably big electronics), but to someone outside -not that big, like for decade(s). we made first transistors in 50s and 60s, an reasnable electronic devices (the semiconductor chips) by 70s and 80s. we made first spin transistors in 00-10s so i guess another 10 or so years before we see some industry level production.




  • session is basiclly federated (the same model as email and fediverse), where there are different nodes for session. and unlike mail fediverse federation, (if i am not wrong) they have balanced nodes, so basically traffic is spread rather uniformly. as for motivation for starting a node, there are not many, nodes basically form a block chain of sorts and also have something like tor (called lokinet) which also makes your comms hidden.

    i personally never got into session, because it seemed like too hard and complex (i do not like using complex software. even if i do not read to run server nodes for it, i should atleast know how it works to understand my safety model). and unlike signal (session started as a hard fork of signal afaik), they broke pfs (perfect forward secrecy - basically something magically, which makes it so that if some bad actor broke encryption for one of your messages, they can not do that for next message)




  • reason for them not appearing is that xmpp is a largely relaxed platform, that is, all implementations are not equally strict. some may implement certain extensions, others may implement other. encryption (omemo) is a common one that most implement, but then client (the user apps like gajim) may or may not implement them correctly, or they may have a fallback (first communication between 2 clients maybe is not encrypted), and other different problems with encryption being flaky (firstly, it is not perfect forward secrecy, it is a bit prone to failure (messages unable to decrypt), etc.), hence it is not recommended much.


  • as someone who is doing some kind of science - titles are a lot more fancier and designd for absurdity. Often, the decision to perform something is a lot more logical than dciding random animals to test from. for example, some of the people from their group may already have been studying that specific frog line for some reason (maybe for it’s gut only), for example, they may have observed that these frogs live a long life or something, then they decided to find why is that, and may hav ecome to conclusion that it is this gut bacterium. or maybe they may hav eknown of this bacterium, and found out where they could source more of this.

    but sometimes, it is totally random luck, lik you accidentally messed up experiement, and spilled some unrelated gut juice from a frog from a separate experiment, and it just so have happened to worked, so you now studied it closely.

    I have absolutely no idea what may have happened in this one, and i am not a biologist, so do not know what is the usual way, but it is usually among these.





  • if that is the case, then it is great. I personally am a rust fan, and use a smithay based wm (niri). and that is basically a single man project, but with active community support. XFCE can pull more man power, but still feels like wasted effort. if just the lang was the choice, they could have considered cosmic wm. it is mroe heavy than xfce needs, but they would have probably had an easier time.