An unmanaged switch is just a single plane where all ports are equal. All ports share OSI layers 1 and 2. Anything you plug into port 24 can always reach anything you have plugged into port 3.
Managed switches (also sometimes known as “smart” switches) provide additional features on top of that. The most useful is VLANs (virtual LANs) which let you segregate traffic. Two ports on different VLANs share the same physical layer (layer 1) but are separated at the data link layer (layer 2). This lets you create up to 4096 different networks on the same switch; each network is isolated from the other. If port 24 and port 3 are on different VLANs, then they will not be able to communicate unless they can reach a common router at layer 3.
Additionally, managed switches let you do things like disable/enable ports (for security, power savings, etc), enable port mirroring, and combine multiple ports into an aggregation group (e.g. bond four 1 Gb links into one 4 Gb link).
The available features on a managed/smart switch vary by manufacturer and, often, by the license level (sadly common in enterprise gear). VLANs, port control, mirroring, and LAGs are usually common “baseline” features, though.
My favorite feature is being able to selectively reboot the POE ports for my security cameras. I have Blue Iris tell Home assistant that a camera is offline and then with the home assistant integration for Netgear it sends the reboot POE command.
Some reolink cameras get in a weird mode where rtsp is broken but direction connecting to the cam stays working. I could issue the reboot command directly from the reolink integration but I find a full power reboot keeps them running longer than just a reboot.
An unmanaged switch is just a single plane where all ports are equal. All ports share OSI layers 1 and 2. Anything you plug into port 24 can always reach anything you have plugged into port 3.
Managed switches (also sometimes known as “smart” switches) provide additional features on top of that. The most useful is VLANs (virtual LANs) which let you segregate traffic. Two ports on different VLANs share the same physical layer (layer 1) but are separated at the data link layer (layer 2). This lets you create up to 4096 different networks on the same switch; each network is isolated from the other. If port 24 and port 3 are on different VLANs, then they will not be able to communicate unless they can reach a common router at layer 3.
Additionally, managed switches let you do things like disable/enable ports (for security, power savings, etc), enable port mirroring, and combine multiple ports into an aggregation group (e.g. bond four 1 Gb links into one 4 Gb link).
The available features on a managed/smart switch vary by manufacturer and, often, by the license level (sadly common in enterprise gear). VLANs, port control, mirroring, and LAGs are usually common “baseline” features, though.
My favorite feature is being able to selectively reboot the POE ports for my security cameras. I have Blue Iris tell Home assistant that a camera is offline and then with the home assistant integration for Netgear it sends the reboot POE command.
Some reolink cameras get in a weird mode where rtsp is broken but direction connecting to the cam stays working. I could issue the reboot command directly from the reolink integration but I find a full power reboot keeps them running longer than just a reboot.